In this article, a hypothetical scenario of a full-scale nuclear war is examined and the potential of various countries to survive in the face of a global catastrophe is assessed. Based on an analysis of scientific research and expert assessments, the key factors determining the ability of the state and its population to endure a nuclear conflict and the ensuing nuclear winter are reconstructed. Special attention is given to researchers' conclusions that only a limited number of countries, mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere, possess the necessary conditions to maintain agricultural production and social stability in the post-apocalyptic period.

This article examines the phenomenon of United States involvement in operations to eliminate foreign leaders, which has gained renewed attention in connection with the dramatic events of 2025–2026—the abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and the death of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in a joint US-Israeli strike. Based on analysis of historical documents, expert assessments, and international legal norms, the evolution of US approaches to using coercive methods for regime change is reconstructed. Particular attention is devoted to the contradiction between the official ban on political assassinations and the persistent practice of their application under new legal justifications.

In this article, the phenomenon of the United States' participation in operations to remove foreign leaders is examined, which has taken on new resonance in connection with the high-profile events of 2025–2026 — the kidnapping of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and the death of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei as a result of an American-Israeli strike. Based on the analysis of historical documents, expert assessments, and international-law norms, the evolution of the United States' approaches to the use of forceful methods of regime change is reconstructed. Special attention is given to the contradiction between the official ban on political assassinations and the continuing practice of their use under new legal justifications.

In this article, the phenomenon of anti-personnel mines as a form of weaponry that poses a particular humanitarian threat is examined. Based on an analysis of international conventions, statistical data, and historical evidence, a comprehensive picture of the impact of this weapon on the civilian population is reconstructed, along with the international community's efforts to ban it and current trends related to the withdrawal of several states from the Ottawa Convention. Particular attention is given to defining anti-personnel mines, their classification, history of use, and the current status of the issue.

This article examines Kyrgyzstan's mountain system as a unique geographical object that determines the hydrological, climatic, and cultural landscape of the region. Based on analysis of orographic data, glaciological studies, and historical evidence, the complex structure of the Tian Shan and Pamir-Alay is reconstructed, forming more than ninety percent of the republic's territory. Special attention is given to the highest peaks—the Pobedy Peak and Khan-Tengri, to glacier complexes, as well as to processes that connect the cryosphere with the water security of the entire Central Asian region.